Introduction

1. Typographical Style and Layout

1.1 Page Size

All material on each page should be centered on an A4 size (8.26 x 11.69 inch, or 21 x 29.7 cm) page. The following margin settings in MS Word will produce the correct result, for A4 size paper: top 1 inch (2.54 cm); bottom: 0.8 inch (2.03 cm); left and right: 1.1 inch (2.79 cm). It is important to check the margins even if you use this template, because they might have been overwritten by your local settings.

1.2 Format and Layout

Please use Times New Roman as default font type and single line spacing throughout the document. 12 point Times New Roman is the recommended type font for running text. Keep all text aligned justified, and only centre the paper title, author's name and affiliation, and captions and legends of illustrations. Start a new paragraph by indenting it from the left margin, not by leaving a line blank, except after a heading/ sub-heading.

1.2.1 Paper Title

Please leave two blank Normal (12 point) lines on the title page, then type the title (22 point bold), leave another two Normal lines blank, and type the author's name and affiliation. Use capitals for the author's surname and use italics for the author's affiliation. The author's name should be First Name LAST NAME (Tak-Wai CHAN).
Leave another two blank Normal lines before the Abstract. The Abstract should begin with the word "Abstract." in bold, and should be formatted in the "Abstract" style provided in this template (10 point and indented 0.5 inch, or 1.27 cm, each side) and type the abstract. The abstract should be a concise statement of the problem, approach, findings, and conclusions of the work described.
Place one blank Normal line after the abstract, followed by the word "Keywords:" in bold, followed by a set of keywords, this being also formatted in Abstract style. The keywords should be chosen to be suitable for both an index of the proceedings and for electronic search. Leave two Normal lines blank before starting the first paragraph.

1.2.2 Headings and Sub-Headings

Headings should be preceded by two blank lines and followed by one blank line, and please keep headings flush left.
Number headings and sub-headings consecutively in Arabic numbers and type them in bold and italics respectively.

1.2.3 Lists

For lists, bulleted lists, and numbered lists, please use the MS Word styles "List," "List 2," "List Bullet," "List Bullet 2," "List Number," "List Number 2," etc. See example of List Bullet in this paper.
In general, use of styles rather than manual formatting is preferable to enable us to give the proceedings a uniform appearance.

1.2.4 References and Citations

References to the literature should be mentioned in the main text by an Arabic number in square brackets. Use American Psychological Association (APA) style and list the numbered references at the end of each paper or chapter, under the heading References.
References should be published materials accessible to the public. Internal technical reports may be cited only if they are easily accessible (i.e., you give an Internet address within your citation). Proprietary information may not be cited. Private communications should be acknowledged, not referenced, e.g., "(Robertson, personal communication)."

1.2.5 Page Numbering, Headers and Footers

Do NOT include headers, footers or page numbers in your submission. These will be added when the publications are assembled.

2. Illustrations

2.1 General

Number tables and figures consecutively, not section-wise.
Do not assemble illustrations at the back of your article, but incorporate them in the text, as close as possible to the first reference.
Illustrations should be centered on the page, except for very small figures (max. width 7 cm), which may be placed side by side. Centre figure captions below the figure, table captions above the table.

2.2 Format

Do not use illustrations copied from the Internet. The resolution of images for viewing on a screen is not sufficient for print.
If you use screen captures, bear in mind that the text may not be legible after reproduction. (Using a screen capture tool, instead of the Print Screen option, might help to improve the quality.)
On maps and other figures where a scale is needed, use bar scales rather than numerical ones (e.g. 1:10,000).

2.3 Color

Please try to avoid using images with a black or very dark background, because the printed proceedings will be printed in black and white. Therefore you should make sure that all graphics look good in black and white. You may use colored figures for the sake of the version on the Internet, as long as it also looks good in grayscale.

3. Language, Style and Content

Please make sure that your paper is in clear, readable, proper English. Have it reviewed by a professional technical writer or native English speaker.
The written and spoken language of ICCE 2011 is English. Spelling and punctuation may consistently use any dialect of English (e.g., Australian, British, Canadian, or US).
Hyphenation is optional. Please write for an international audience:

• Write in a straightforward style. Use simple sentence structure. Try to avoid long sentences and complex sentence structures. Use semicolons carefully or not at all.
• Use common and basic vocabulary (e.g., use the word "unusual" rather than the word "arcane").
• Briefly define or explain all technical terms.
• Explain all acronyms the first time they are used in your text.
• Explain local references. For example, not everyone knows all city names in a particular country, and the names of different levels of schooling may differ between countries.
• Explain "insider" comments. Ensure that your whole audience understands any reference whose meaning you do not describe (e.g., do not assume that everyone has used Windows XP or a particular application).
• Explain colloquial language and puns. Phrases like "red herring" require a cultural knowledge of English. Humor and irony are difficult to translate.
• Use unambiguous forms for culturally localized concepts, such as times, dates, currencies and numbers (e.g., "1-5-99" or "5/1/99" may mean January 5th or May 1st, and "seven o'clock" may mean 7:00 am or 19:00).
• Be careful with the use of gender-specific pronouns (he, she) and other gendered words (chairman, manpower, man-months). Use inclusive language (e.g., she or he, s/he, they, chair, staff, staff-hours, person-years) that is gender-neutral. If necessary, you may be able to use "he" and "she" in alternating sentences, so that the two genders occur equally often. See (Schwartz, et al., 1995) for further advice and examples regarding gender and other personal attributes.
  
  

Acknowledgements

We thank all the people who wrote previous versions of this document.

References